I have found a very simple solution for me with these buttons: https://de.aliexpress.com/item/32837659653.html
I already used rtl_433 (Tutorial - rtl_433 brings 433MHz sensors to openHAB) to query some temperature sensors. Now I just tried if the mentioned buttons can be queried with rtl_433 too. Result: yes
The data goes via MQTT to OH.
String Rtl433_Button_Time "Time" {channel="mqtt:topic:c4d2ca88:time"}
Number Rtl433_Button_Id "Id" {channel="mqtt:topic:c4d2ca88:id"}
Number Rtl433_Button_Unit "Unit" {channel="mqtt:topic:c4d2ca88:unit"}
String Rtl433_Button_Code "Code" {channel="mqtt:topic:c4d2ca88:code"}
So if the item “time” changes and ID and unit match the pressed button, an action can be performed.