Apparently the Zwave binding blocks the / dev / ttyUSB0 port in Combination with a CC2652RB Zigbee2mqtt Dongle

No zigbee-binding at all, I use zigbee2mqtt.
Your comment about “many people” may be correct, assuming that “many people” use the (cheap but weak) CC2531-USB-stick. I also have one of those, and with that it works flawlessly.
However, the CC2531 uses a ttyACM-port, while the CC2652RB, which does NOT work with the zwave binding, uses a ttyUSB-port. Which the zwave-framework of openHAB seems to block, even though it shouldn’t even touch it.
For clarification, my /etc/default/openhab2 contains:
EXTRA_JAVA_OPTS="-Dgnu.io.rxtx.SerialPorts=/dev/ttyACM1"
(which is the port my zwave-stick uses).