There’s a weird looking double quote at the end of that - I assume that is a typo?
And there really is data less than time specified? The data you list doesn’t have any with older timestamps, but it’s probably just not shown here.
Seems like this has to be an issue with InfluxDB. The query looks valid. The InfluxDB documentation says that second precision is valid here. openHAB can’t do anything more than the query, so it seems more likely to be an issue with InfluxDB.
What happens if you increase the time with the ‘s’ suffix - does it seem like it is ignoring the ‘s’ completely? I.e., try this:
select value from "autogen"."GasqmTotal001" where time < 1582563909809000000s ORDER BY time DESC limit 10
Then chop off a zero or two and see if it still returns any data. Sorry, this isn’t much help.