Rule higher than 40 degrees notification sent

You have to create this Item for the code above to work.

Items retain their state between Rule runs. This particular Item is called Design Pattern: Unbound Item (aka Virtual Item).

Global variables retain their state between Rule runs. Rules | openHAB

Items configured with persistence and restoreOnStartup strategy retain their values between restarts of openHAB. Persistence | openHAB

Design Pattern: Encoding and Accessing Values in Rules shows a lot of ways to initialize the value of an Item.