I have a very vague memory of some Smartthings device using a non-standard function for something, and I have a feeling it might be this. If it’s non-standard, then the binding won’t detect it since it only knows about the standards unless someone programs it differently.
The log however isn’t super useful since it misses a lot of useful data. There are some requests that say they failed - I’m not sure why - maybe the device was asleep and they timed out, or maybe the device rejected these requests as they aren’t supported (although that is strange as they as standard attributes that should be supported). Without the debug logs I can’t be sure, but if they timed out, then maybe the device is asleep, and it does support temperature, but the binding didn’t detect it as it was sleeping…
Sorry - that’s not especially useful. If you post the XML that the binding saves for this device I can take a look to see if it shows the temperature cluster. The XML is in the {userdata}/zigbee folder - there will be a subfolder for the network, then a file named after the device long address.