The runtime uses the OPENHAB_* variables to look for paths which won’t exist when using sudo. With the Linux packages start.sh isn’t usually used. In the snapshots you can use:
sudo openhab-cli start --debug
Otherwise, on the raspberry pi, you should look for important messages using:
sudo journalctl -u openhab2.service -b
The above command should give you reasons why openHAB won’t start. You certainly shouldn’t change any paths from this point.