That’s the root of the problem. There wouldn’t be. That is why I asked about NFS and focused on the file system more so than the SQLite itself.
That does raise something. There actually might be a 2GB limit here. Raspbian is 64-bits I’m pretty sure but your JDK is probably 32-bit as that’s the recommendation as the 64-bit version of Java has problems with serial devices on RPi. And typically 32-bit software cannot handle file sizes over 2GB.
But that doesn’t explain the problem continuing to occur after you reinitialized the DB by removing the old file and having it create a new one.
See How to file an Issue. The repo where the persistence stuff lives is openhab1-addons/bundles/persistence at main · openhab/openhab1-addons · GitHub.
Though be prepared to not get satisfaction as SQLite was dropped as officially supported by OH a long time ago.