I have DS18B20 temperature sensors connected to my OH system. One of the sensors, located on the roof, is frequently damaged by lightning. I’m not talking about a direct strike, but rather a lightning strike from a distance of about 1-2 km. Do you know of temperature sensors that are more resistant to such phenomena? Or is there a way to protect against damage? I’ve had to replace it four times already. Other sensors have been working for several years.
I doubt that you’ll find a more robust sensor.
You should consider installing a proper lightning rod system to conduct any atmospheric charge to ground.
Currently your temperature sensor is acting as a lightning rod.
Just a thought and not sure what your circuit design is but if you are utilizing parasitic power mode? If so, you’re going to be far more suspectable to transit surges from nearby sources such as a distant lightning strike. you might consider increased shielding of the wiring or perhaps switch to a powered approach for the sensor that can more robustly handle and filter those types of transit surges.
In addition to what the other said… I would question why you installed it on the roof?!
Temperature is relative. Different results when measured on the roof (also heated up by the sun); each side of the house will be different. Here my sensors placed at all four sides of the house as an example for my claim…
You may ask a search engine “where and how to properly install an outdoor temperature sensor like meteorology would do it” for the scientific method.
I can only guess as you haven’t pointed out what the sensor is used for. Assuming it is outdoor temperature, it should be installed in a sun-shaded, yet well-ventilated enclosure, ideally a couple of metres away from the house.
My sensor is operating in parasitic mode. Switching to single mode and using a shielded cable might be the solution. Thank you.
I measure the temperature in a utility room under the roof on the top floor of the building.
“On” the roof vs “in” (or under) the roof 
Yes, shielded cable should do the trick.